Now the sprawling modern capital, Riyadh has existed for centuries on crossroads of important trading routes. The first Saud state had its capital at Diriyah, the second chose Riyadh as its capital and now Riyadh has been the capital of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia since 1932. The Masmak Fortress, now a museum, was instrumental in the country’s unification. Riyadh has a number of skyscrapers, the most iconic the Kingdom Tower and the Al-Faisaliah Tower, both have observation platforms for looking out over the city.